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Fármacos Cardio / cerebro protectores.
Agentes reductores de lípidos
Medicamentos Anti-inflamatorios
Adelgazadores de sangre
Hypolipidemic agents (lipid lowering agents), or antihyperlipidemic agents, are a diverse group of pharmaceuticals that are used in the treatment of hyperlipidemias. They are called lipid-lowering drugs (LLD) or agents. There are several classes of hypolipidemic drugs. They may differ in both their impact on the cholesterol profile and adverse effects. For example, some may lower the "bad cholesterol" low density lipoprotein (LDL) more so than others, while others may preferentially increase high density lipoprotein (HDL), "the good cholesterol". Clinically, the choice of an agent will depend on the patient's cholesterol profile, cardiovascular risk, and the liver and kidney functions of the patient, evaluated against the balancing of risks and benefits of the medications. In the United States, this is guided by the evidence-based guideline from the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII).
Established statins are particularly well-suited for lowering LDL, the cholesterol with the strongest links to cardiovascular diseases. In studies using standard doses, statins have been found to lower LDL-C by 18% to 55%, depending on the specific statin being used. There is a risk of severe muscle damage (myopathy & rhabdomyolysis) with statins. fibrates are indicated for hypertriglyceridemia. Fibrates typically lower triglycerides by 20% to 50%. Level of the good cholesterol HDL is also increased. Fibrates may decrease LDL, though generally to a lesser degree than statins. Similar to statins, there is a risk of severe muscle damage (myopathy & rhabdomyolysis) with fibrates. niacin, like fibrates, is also well-suited for lowering triglycerides by 20-50%. It may also lower LDL by 5-25% and increase HDL by 15-35%. Niacin may cause hyperglycemia, and may also cause liver damage. bile acid sequestrants (resins) are particularly effective for lowering LDL-C by sequestering the cholesterol-containing bile acids released into the intestine and preventing their reabsorption from the intestine. It decreases LDL by 15-30% and raises HDL by 3-5%. It has little effect on triglycerides but can cause a slight increase. Bile acid sequestrants may cause gastrointestinal problems, and may also reduce the absorption of other drugs and vitamins from the gut.
ezetimibe (Zetia) is a selective inhibitor of dietary cholesterol absorption.
Phytosterols may be found naturally in plants. Similar to ezetimibe, phytosterols reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the gut. Hence, they are most effective when consumed with meals. However, the precise mechanism of action of phytosterols differs from ezetimibe.
Orlistat (Xenical): Its primary function is to prevent the absorption of about 30%of fats from the human diet; thereby reducing caloric intake (a drug designed to treat obesity) is by inhibiting Pancreatic lipase- an enzyme that breaks down triglycerides in the intestine.
Investigational classes of hypolipidemic agents:
CETP Inhibitors (cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors) are still under development. It is expected that these drugs will mainly increase HDL while lowering LDL.
squalene synthase inhibitor
ApoA-1 Milano
AGI-1067
Anti-inflammatory drugs
NSAIDs comprise a large class of drugs with many different options. In addition to aspirin, there are currently several types of both non-prescription (over-the-counter) NSAIDs and prescription brands of NSAIDs. The three types of NSAIDs most commonly used to treat many types of back pain and neck pain include:
Ibuprofen (e.g. brand names Advil, Motrin, Nuprin)
Naproxen (e.g. brand names Aleve, Naprosyn)
COX-2 inhibitors (e.g. brand name Celebrex)
The type of NSAID recommended will usually depend on a number of factors, including the patient’s diagnosis, clinical situation and level of pain, individual risk factors, and the patient’s past experience with particular medications.
Ibuprofen (e.g. Advil, Motrin, Nuprin)
Ibuprofen was one of the original non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and is available without a prescription. For patients with back problems, Ibuprofen is most commonly recommended to relieve mild or moderate back pain, tenderness, inflammation, and stiffness.
Blood thinners
Warfarin and other Blood Thinners for Heart Disease:
Warfarin, which goes by the brand name Coumadin, is an anticoagulant medication. This means that it helps prevent clots from forming in the blood. Blood thinners are used to treat some types of heart disease.
You have been prescribed warfarin because your body may be making blood clots or you may have a medical condition known to promote unwanted blood clots It is often prescribed for patients with atrial fibrillation (an irregular heart rhythm), pulmonary embolism, and after artificial heart valve surgery or orthopedic procedures.
Blood clots can move to other parts of your body and cause serious medical problems, such as a heart attack. Warfarin will not dissolve a blood clot; however, over time, the blood clot may dissolve on its own. Warfarin may also prevent other clots from forming or prevent clots from becoming larger. There are other blood thinners that you may be given in the hospital or even at home for a short amount of time: Heparin, Lovenox, or Fragmin. These drugs are administered either by vein (intravenous) or just under the skin into the subcutaneous fat.
